Using CSF biomarkers of AD together with quantitative relaxometry measures in cognitively asymptomatic middle-aged adults enriched for AD risk, we have demonstrated significant associations between AD pathology and measures of myelin health invivo. The mcDESPOT protocol included both spoiled gradient-recalled echo images and balanced steady-state free precession images acquired over multiple flip angles eFigure 1 in the Supplement. These findings suggest amyloid pathologies significantly influence white matter and that these abnormalities may signify an early feature of the disease process. APOE status was included as a nuisance variable; however, it is possible that APOE allele status may impact brain aging 26 , 28 and that future studies examining such relationships could be informative. The remaining challenge of deciphering the causal mechanisms of these changes is determining if aberrant proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein causes subsequent myelin damage or if degradation of myelin results in altered amyloid precursor protein processing. Supplementary Material Supplemental Information Click here to view.
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J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Blennow K, Hampel H. We measured whole-brain longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates as well as the myelin water fraction from each of these individuals. Studies have additionally demonstrated that myelin abnormalities occur prior to axon defects from tau proteins inhibiting axon transport, 35 meaning synasenkitzler myelination defects precede overt amyloid and tau pathologies.
In this cohort study of asymptomatic individuals with genetic risk factors for Alzheimer synapsenkitzlsr, significant associations were observed between quantitative neuroimaging measures, including the myelin water fraction and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer pathology.
The single greatest risk factor for AD is age, 21 and thus our initial analyses examined the relationship between age and the CSF sjnapsenkitzler as well as age and the imaging measures MWF, R 1and R 2.
Open in a separate window. Relationships were primarily located within the left hemispheric angular gyrus white matter for MWF and R 1while associations synapsenkitzleg R 2 were found across the left hemispheric temporal and parietal white matter and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; Inclusion criteria consisted of the following: Advances inmyelin imaging with potential clinical application to pediatric synapsenkkitzler.
Automated brain mapping algorithms and statistical models were used to evaluate the relationships between age, CSF biomarkers of AD pathology, and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging relaxometry measures, including the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates and the myelin water fraction.
Research Articles
Braak H, Del Tredici K. Negative relationships were observed across widespread white matter, with late myelinating areas, including frontal and temporal white matter, having the strongest age-related declines.
Lumbar punctures were performed an average of 5. Dissociable effects of Alzheimer disease and white matter hyperintensities on brain metabolism.
Findings In this cohort study of asymptomatic individuals with genetic risk factors for Alzheimer disease, significant associations were observed between quantitative neuroimaging measures, including the myelin water fraction and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer pathology.
We need further animal and human studies to elucidate this causal pathway. The mcDESPOT protocol included both spoiled gradient-recalled echo images and balanced steady-state free precession images acquired over multiple flip angles eFigure 1 in the Supplement. Age-related changes in R 1R 2and MWF were examined by fitting linear models at each brain voxel contained within a white matter mask eFigure 2 in the Supplement. Drafting of the manuscript: This study has several limitations.
The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Additional participant information is available in the eMethods in the Supplement while demographic information is provided in the Table.
Supernatants were frozen in polypropylene tubes in 0. The remaining challenge of deciphering the causal mechanisms of these changes is determining if aberrant proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein causes subsequent myelin damage or if degradation of myelin results in altered amyloid precursor protein processing.
Discussion Alzheimer disease disrupts critical metabolic processes that ultimately lead to neurodegeneration; however, the effect of AD pathology on white matter—especially myelin—is still incompletely characterized.
APOE status was included as a nuisance variable; however, it is possible that APOE allele status may impact brain aging 2628 and that future studies examining such relationships could be informative. JohnsonPhD, Andrew L. Alzheimer disease disrupts critical metabolic processes that ultimately lead to neurodegeneration; however, the effect of AD pathology on white matter—especially myelin—is synapsnekitzler incompletely characterized.
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To assess associations between hallmark AD pathology and novel quantitative neuroimaging markers while being sensitive to white matter myelin content. Approximately 22mL of CSF were extracted, mixed, and centrifuged at g for 10 minutes. See other articles in PMC that cite the published article.
Degradation of amyloid beta protein by purified myelin basic protein.
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